Background OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e., muscle distribution, dosing) of onabotulinumtoxinA for ...

Managing spasticity involves a comprehensive approach that combines medical treatments such as oral medications and Botox injections with daily self-care practices, including stretching, exercise, and ...

Louise Jarrett, BA, RGN, is clinical nurse specialist spasticity management, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals Foundation Trust, London The management of spasticity ...

Animal or in vitro studies, studies performed in pediatric populations, and studies reporting treatment with BoNT products other than onabotulinumtoxinA were excluded. The full-text publications of ...