Esophageal motility is best evaluated using a combination of endoscopy and barium x-ray study. In achalasia, endoscopy helps to rule out gastroesophageal junction malignancy. In scleroderma, ...

Scleroderma is a range of disorders in which the skin and connective tissues tighten and harden. It is a long-term, progressive disease. This means it gradually gets worse. Share on Pinterest ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis, dermatomyositis, Behçet’s ...

Peristalsis is absent. However, in contrast to achalasia, basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure is also effectively absent.